BIRDING IN UGANDA

Exploring a Haven of Avian Diversity Introduction Uganda, often referred to as the "Pearl of Africa," is a landlocked country in East Africa renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty and diverse wildlife. With its varied landscapes, including lush rainforests, expansive savannahs, and shimmering lakes, Uganda is a birdwatcher's paradise. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of birding in Uganda, highlighting some of the country's most captivating birding destinations and the unique bird species that call them home.   Bwindi Impenetrable National Park: Situated in southwestern Uganda, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its exceptional biodiversity. While the park is famous for being home to nearly half of the world's remaining mountain gorillas, it also harbors an astonishing 350 bird species. Bird enthusiasts can spot rare and endemic species such as the African green broadbill, black-faced rufous warbler, and the handsome francolin. Queen Elizabeth National Park: Located in western Uganda, Queen Elizabeth National Park is a diverse ecosystem that encompasses savannah plains, tropical forests, and stunning crater lakes. The park boasts an impressive bird checklist of over 620 species. Among the notable species found here are the African skimmer, Papyrus gonolek, and the rare shoebill stork. Boat cruises along the Kazinga Channel offer fantastic opportunities to observe waterbirds and the iconic African fish eagle.   Murchison Falls National Park: Situated in northwestern Uganda, Murchison Falls National Park is the largest protected area in the country. This stunning park is home to an array of avian life, with over 450 bird species recorded. The park's diverse habitats support a variety of species, including the iconic Goliath heron, Abyssinian ground hornbill, and the prehistoric-looking saddle-billed stork. The boat safari along the Nile River provides a unique birding experience.   Kibale National Park: Kibale National Park, located in western Uganda, is renowned for its exceptional primate populations, including chimpanzees. It also offers fantastic birdwatching opportunities, with over 370 species recorded. The park's dense tropical rainforests are a haven for bird enthusiasts, hosting species such as the African pitta, green-breasted pitta, and the beautiful great blue turaco.   Lake Mburo National Park: Nestled in the western part of the country, Lake Mburo National Park is a compact gem that showcases a unique combination of wetland, savannah, and acacia woodland ecosystems. Despite being one of Uganda's smallest national parks, it boasts an impressive bird checklist of over 350 species. Visitors can spot the striking African Finfoot, the rare African wattled lapwing, and the elegant grey-crowned crane.   Kidepo Valley National Park: Situated in the northeastern region of Uganda, Kidepo Valley National Park is a remote and less-explored treasure. Its rugged landscapes, vast plains, and scenic mountains provide a dramatic backdrop for birdwatching. With over 475 bird species, including the endangered Karamoja apalis and the vibrant pygmy falcon, this park offers a unique and rewarding birding experience. Conclusion Uganda's diverse and stunning landscapes make it an ideal destination for bird enthusiasts. Whether exploring the dense rainforests, sweeping savannahs, or tranquil lakes, visitors will be rewarded with a rich tapestry of bird species. From the elusive shoebill stork to the colorful green-breasted pitta, Uganda's avian diversity is a testament to the country's commitment to conservation. Birding in Uganda offers an immersive and unforgettable experience that showcases the incredible beauty and biodiversity of this African gem. Birding in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park Birding in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park offers a truly remarkable experience for bird enthusiasts. Located in southwestern Uganda, Bwindi National Park is renowned for its exceptional biodiversity and, most notably, its population of critically endangered mountain gorillas. However, the park also boasts an incredible variety of bird species, making it a prime destination for birdwatchers from around the world. Bwindi National Park is home to over 350 bird species, including 23 endemic species found in the Albertine Rift Valley region. The park's diverse habitats, ranging from montane forests to bamboo zones and open grasslands, provide ideal conditions for a wide range of avian life. Here are some notable bird species that can be spotted in Bwindi: African Green Broadbill: This vibrant bird with emerald green plumage and a bright blue bill is a true gem of Bwindi. It is often found in the undergrowth of the forest and is known for its distinctive call. African Goshawk: A powerful raptor with a short wingspan and broad tail, the African Goshawk can be observed soaring above the forest canopy. It has striking plumage with contrasting gray and white patterns. Ruwenzori Batis: The male Ruwenzori Batis is an eye-catching bird with a black head, white breast, and bright red eyes. It can be seen hopping from branch to branch in the forest understory. Handsome Francolin: This ground-dwelling bird is known for its handsome appearance, with a black-and-white striped head, brown plumage, and red legs. It is often found foraging for food in the grassy areas of the park. African Wood Owl: An elusive nocturnal bird, the African Wood Owl can be found perched high in the forest trees during the day. It has intricate patterns of black, brown, and white feathers, providing excellent camouflage. To maximize your bird watching experience in Bwindi National Park, there are several key areas within the park that are particularly renowned for bird sightings: Buhoma Area: Located in the northern part of the park, Buhoma is a popular starting point for gorilla trekking, but it also offers excellent birding opportunities. The nearby Buhoma Waterfall Trail is a fantastic spot to observe a variety of bird species, including the African Green Broadbill. Ruhija Area: Situated in the eastern part of Bwindi, Ruhija is known for its diverse birdlife. The Mubwindi Swamp Trail is a must-visit location, as it provides a chance to spot the rare and beautiful African Green Broadbill, as well as other unique species like the Grauer's Rush Warbler. Nkuringo Area: Found in the southern part of the park, Nkuringo offers breathtaking views of the Virunga Volcanoes. Birding enthusiasts can explore the Nkuringo Trail, where sightings of the Handsome Francolin and Rwenzori Batis are possible. Rushaga Area: Situated in the southeastern part of Bwindi, Rushaga is known for its large gorilla population, but it is also an excellent birding destination. The Rushaga Gorilla Trekking Trail traverses through various habitats, providing opportunities to spot the African Goshawk and African Wood Owl. When birding in Bwindi National Park, it is highly recommended to hire an experienced birding guide who is knowledgeable about the local avifauna. They can help identify species, locate specific birding hotspots, and enhance your overall bird watching experience. Exploring the remarkable birdlife of Bwindi National Park is an unforgettable adventure. From the vibrant African Green Broadbill to the elusive African Wood Owl, the park's avian diversity is a testament to the conservation efforts in this biodiverse region of Uganda.   Birding in Queen Elizabeth National Park (Medley’s of Wonders) Birding in Queen Elizabeth National Park is a truly exhilarating experience for ornithology enthusiasts. Located in southwestern Uganda, the park boasts a diverse range of habitats, including savannah, wetlands, lakes, and forests, which attract an impressive array of bird species. With over 600 species recorded within its boundaries, Queen Elizabeth National Park is a haven for birdwatchers. One of the most popular birding areas within the park is the Mweya Peninsula. Situated on the northeastern shores of Lake Edward, this peninsula offers stunning views and abundant birdlife. Here, one can spot the majestic African Fish Eagle soaring above the water, while Pied Kingfishers dive skillfully to catch their prey. The peninsula is also home to a variety of herons, including the Goliath Heron and Grey Heron, which can be found wading in the shallows. The adjacent Kazinga Channel, which connects Lake Edward and Lake George, is another excellent birding spot. This waterway attracts numerous water-loving species such as African Skimmers, African Spoonbills, and African Openbills. Along the channel's banks, you might also encounter the striking Saddle-billed Stork and the African Jacana gracefully walking on floating vegetation. Moving away from the water bodies, the Ishasha Sector of the park provides a different birding experience. This region, famous for its tree-climbing lions, is also home to fascinating avian species. The African Grey Hornbill can be spotted here, with its distinctive black and white plumage and a striking red bill. The iconic African Paradise Flycatcher, with its long tail trailing behind, flits through the trees, while the elusive African Finfoot may be found along the Ishasha River. For those interested in forest-dwelling species, the Maramagambo Forest is a must-visit destination. This dense forest harbors a variety of birdlife, including the Great Blue Turaco, which displays vibrant blue and green feathers. The African Emerald Cuckoo and Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird are among the numerous other forest inhabitants that can be spotted here. In the park's grasslands and open savannah, several raptors can be observed soaring overhead. The Bateleur Eagle, Martial Eagle, and Wahlberg's Eagle are just a few examples of the impressive birds of prey that call Queen Elizabeth National Park home. The African White-backed Vulture and Lappet-faced Vulture are also frequently seen perched on trees or scavenging on carcasses. These are just a handful of the many bird species that can be spotted in Queen Elizabeth National Park. Other notable species include the Shoebill, African Skimmer, Pink-backed Pelican, African Finfoot, and numerous weaver species. Whether you are an avid birder or a nature enthusiast, Queen Elizabeth National Park provides an unforgettable opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich birdlife of Uganda's diverse landscapes.   Birding in Murchison Falls National Park (The World’s most powerful waterfall) Birding in Murchison Falls National Park offers a captivating experience for bird enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. Situated in northwestern Uganda, the park spans an impressive area, encompassing a diverse range of habitats that support a remarkable array of bird species. From riverbanks and savannahs to forests and wetlands, Murchison Falls National Park offers a haven for birders seeking to explore the avian wonders of the region. One of the prime birding spots within Murchison Falls National Park is the Nile River, which flows through the heart of the park. Here, one can find an abundance of waterbirds and raptors. The riverbanks and adjacent grasslands provide a perfect habitat for various species, including the African Fish Eagle, the iconic bird of prey known for its distinct call and impressive fishing skills. Other raptors frequently spotted in the park include the Martial Eagle, Brown Snake Eagle, and the African Harrier-Hawk. As you venture further into the park, the savannahs come alive with a wealth of birdlife. Look out for the stunning Abyssinian Ground Hornbill, with its large size, black plumage, and distinctive red throat patch. The park is also home to various species of vultures, such as the White-headed Vulture and Rüppell's Vulture, which can often be observed scavenging on carcasses. For those seeking a more forested birding experience, the Budongo Forest Reserve within Murchison Falls National Park offers a lush and verdant environment. Here, you may encounter the striking African Pied Hornbill, the elusive African Dwarf Kingfisher, or the colorful Narina Trogon, with its vibrant plumage and distinctive call. The forest is also home to primates such as chimpanzees and olive baboons, adding to the overall biodiversity of the area. The wetlands of Murchison Falls National Park, particularly around the delta region where the Nile converges with Lake Albert, are a treasure trove for waterbirds. Species like the African Pygmy Goose, Goliath Heron, and the secretive Shoebill Stork can be found in these marshy areas. The unique and impressive Shoebill Stork, with its massive bill and prehistoric appearance, is a highlight for many birders visiting the park. It is worth noting that Murchison Falls National Park is home to over 450 bird species, making it one of the premier birding destinations in Uganda. Whether you are a seasoned birder or a casual observer, the park offers ample opportunities to witness a remarkable diversity of avifauna. When embarking on a birding adventure in Murchison Falls National Park, it is advisable to have a knowledgeable guide who can assist in identifying species and lead you to the best birding spots. Their expertise and understanding of the park's ecosystem will greatly enhance your birding experience and help you appreciate the unique avian wonders that call Murchison Falls National Park their home. Birding in Kibale National Park (Primate Capital of the World) Birding in Kibale National Park is a truly captivating experience for nature enthusiasts and bird lovers alike. Nestled in the verdant landscapes of southwestern Uganda, Kibale National Park is renowned for its exceptional biodiversity, including a remarkable variety of bird species. With its diverse habitats ranging from lush rainforests to sprawling grasslands, the park offers a haven for over 350 species of birds, making it a must-visit destination for birdwatchers. One of the iconic bird species found in Kibale National Park is the African Green Broadbill (Pseudocalyptomena graueri). This striking bird is known for its vivid green plumage and unique bill shape. It primarily inhabits the dense undergrowth of the park's rainforest, particularly in areas with bamboo thickets. While exploring the trails in Kibale, you may be fortunate enough to catch a glimpse of this elusive bird as it flits through the foliage, emitting its melodious call.     Another fascinating avian resident of Kibale is the Great Blue Turaco (Corythaeola cristata). With its vibrant blue and green feathers, coupled with a distinctive crest and crimson-colored wings, this large bird is a sight to behold. The Great Blue Turaco often perches high in the forest canopy, where it feeds on fruits and leaves. Look and listen for its low, guttural calls as you wander through the forest trails. Venturing into the grasslands and wetlands of Kibale National Park offers the opportunity to spot water-loving birds. The White-winged Warbler (Xenoligea montana) is one such species that can be found in the park's marshy areas. This small, olive-colored bird has white wing patches that are visible during flight, making it easily identifiable. Keep an eye out for it among the reeds and tall grasses, where it searches for insects and small invertebrates. For birders seeking a rare and unique sighting, the Green-breasted Pitta (Pitta reichenowi) is a highly sought-after species in Kibale National Park. This brilliantly colored bird flaunts a vibrant combination of green, yellow, and crimson plumage. It tends to inhabit the dense undergrowth of the forest, often near streams or swamps. Be patient and observant as you explore the park, as the Green-breasted Pitta is known for its secretive behavior. In addition to these notable species, Kibale National Park is home to an array of other avian treasures, including the African Grey Parrot, Yellow-spotted Barbet, Brown-chested Lapwing, White-naped Pigeon, and many more. The park's rich birdlife creates an ever-changing symphony of calls and melodies, enhancing the overall birding experience. When birding in Kibale National Park, it is recommended to explore the various trails and habitats within the park to maximize your chances of encountering different species. Engage the services of an experienced birding guide who can provide valuable insights into the park's avifauna and help you locate specific bird species. As you embark on your birding adventure in Kibale National Park, remember to bring along a pair of binoculars, a field guide, and a notepad to record your sightings. The park's breathtaking scenery, coupled with the diversity of its bird species, promises an unforgettable birding experience that will leave you with a deeper appreciation for the natural wonders of Uganda.   Birding in Lake Mburo National Park (Whispers of the wild) Birding in Lake Mburo National Park offers a captivating experience for nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers alike. Located in western Uganda, this national park is renowned for its diverse avian population, comprising over 350 bird species. The park's varied habitats, including savannah, woodland, and wetland ecosystems, provide an ideal environment for a wide range of birds. Here are some notable bird species found within Lake Mburo National Park and where they can be spotted: African Fin foot (Podica senegalensis): This unique bird can be found along the shores of Lake Mburo. It is known for its striking appearance, with a glossy black body, white underparts, and a distinctive red bill. The African Fin foot is a secretive bird that is often spotted near floating vegetation or fallen trees along the lake's edges. African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer): One of Africa's iconic raptors, the African Fish Eagle can be observed perched on high branches near the lakeshores. With its striking black, white, and brown plumage and a distinctive call, it is a popular sighting for birders visiting the park. White-winged Warbler (Xenoligea montana): This species is unique to the park and the surrounding area. It inhabits the dense undergrowth of the woodlands, particularly in the Rubanga Forest. The White-winged Warbler is a small, brightly colored bird with a yellow breast and a white wing patch that is easily identifiable when in flight. Red-faced Barbet (Lybius rubrifacies): Found in the woodland areas of the park, the Red-faced Barbet is a striking bird with bright red facial feathers and a colorful plumage. Its unique call can often be heard echoing through the trees as it forages for insects and fruits. Crested Francolin (Dendroperdix sephaena): This ground-dwelling bird is commonly encountered in the grassy savannah of Lake Mburo National Park. It has a distinctively patterned plumage, with a prominent black crest and speckled brown and white feathers. The Crested Francolin often moves in small groups and can be seen foraging for seeds and insects. Blue-breasted Kingfisher (Halcyon malimbica): This vibrant kingfisher species can be spotted near the park's water bodies, including Lake Mburo and various smaller lakes. With its iridescent blue and orange plumage, it is a beautiful sight as it perches on branches or dives into the water to catch fish. Rufous-bellied Heron (Ardeola rufiventris): Lake Mburo National Park is also home to the elusive Rufous-bellied Heron. This medium-sized heron can be found near the park's wetland areas, including swamps and marshes. With its cinnamon-brown plumage and a distinctive streaked neck, it is a sought-after sighting for birders exploring the park's diverse habitats. These are just a few examples of the bird species you can encounter while birding in Lake Mburo National Park. With a rich variety of habitats and a significant avian population, this national park offers a rewarding experience for birdwatchers, nature lovers, and anyone seeking to immerse them in the beauty of Uganda's wildlife.   Birding in Kidepo Valley National Park (True African Wilderness) Birding in Kidepo National Park is a truly awe-inspiring experience for nature enthusiasts and bird lovers. Located in the northeastern corner of Uganda, this national park is renowned for its incredible biodiversity, stunning landscapes, and abundant birdlife. With its diverse habitats ranging from open savannahs to rugged mountains, Kidepo National Park offers a unique and rewarding birding adventure. One of the most prominent bird species found in Kidepo National Park is the Karamoja apalis (Apalis karamojae), a critically endangered bird endemic to the Karamoja region. This small, lively passerine bird can be spotted in the scattered thickets and shrublands within the park. Its striking plumage, featuring a white underside and a contrasting black cap, makes it a sought-after sighting for birdwatchers. Another fascinating bird species found in Kidepo National Park is the Abyssinian roller (Coracias abyssinicus). This vibrant and colorful bird is known for its distinctive azure blue feathers, chestnut crown, and cinnamon-colored wings. The Abyssinian roller can be spotted perched on trees or soaring gracefully through the air, particularly in the savannah grasslands and acacia woodlands of the park. Kidepo National Park is also home to the majestic ostrich (Struthio camelus), the largest bird on the planet. These flightless birds are often seen striding across the vast plains of the park, utilizing their impressive speed and powerful legs to navigate the landscape. The open grasslands and semi-arid regions provide ideal conditions for the ostrich population to thrive. The park's riparian areas and marshes are frequented by numerous waterbird species. The African wattled lapwing (Vanellus senegallus) is one such bird found near the park's seasonal rivers and wetlands. With its striking black and white plumage and distinctive fleshy wattles around the eyes, this lapwing species adds a touch of elegance to the park's avian diversity. In the more forested areas of Kidepo National Park, birdwatchers may encounter the striking Hartlaub's turaco (Tauraco hartlaubi). With its vibrant green plumage, crimson wings, and a long, elegant crest, this turaco species is a true spectacle to behold. These beautiful birds are often found perched on tall trees, emitting their unique and melodious calls throughout the day. For those who venture into the rugged mountainous regions of the park, the chance to spot the lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus) is a true highlight. Also known as the bearded vulture, this large raptor is notable for its impressive wingspan and distinctive bearded appearance. The lammergeier's presence in the park's high-altitude areas adds an element of excitement and adventure to the birding experience. It's important to note that Kidepo National Park boasts an extensive list of bird species, with over 470 recorded to date. Apart from the aforementioned examples, visitors can also encounter other notable species such as the Abyssinian ground hornbill, golden pipit, purple grenadier, red-cheeked cordon-bleu, and many more. Whether you're an experienced birder or simply a nature enthusiast, birding in Kidepo National Park offers an exceptional opportunity to witness an incredible array of birdlife. With its diverse habitats and stunning landscapes, this national park continues to captivate visitors with its rich avian diversity and unforgettable bird watching experiences.   Birding in Mt. Rwenzori National Park (The Mystical Challenge) Birding in Mt. Rwenzori National Park is a truly remarkable experience, offering bird enthusiasts the opportunity to discover a rich diversity of avian species in a stunning mountainous setting. Located in western Uganda, this national park is part of the Rwenzori Mountains range, known as the "Mountains of the Moon." Its diverse habitats, ranging from tropical rainforests to alpine moorlands, provide a haven for an array of bird species. One of the key areas for birding within Mt. Rwenzori National Park is the Afro-montane forest zone, found at lower elevations. Here, you can encounter several notable species, including: Rwenzori Turaco (Ruwenzorornis johnstoni): This stunning bird is endemic to the Rwenzori Mountains and can be found in the montane forest areas. Its vibrant plumage consists of a deep blue head, neck, and upper chest, while the lower chest and belly are maroon. The Rwenzori Turaco's distinct vocalizations are often heard echoing through the forest. Rwenzori Batis (Batis diops): Another Rwenzori Mountains endemic, the Rwenzori Batis is a small, insectivorous bird that inhabits the forest understory. It has a striking black and white coloration, with a bold white eyebrow. Spotting this species requires a keen eye and patience. Archer's Robin-Chat (Cossypha archeri): Found in the forested areas of the park, this robin-chat is recognized by its distinctive red-orange breast and belly. It often perches on branches, belting out melodious songs that resonate through the forest. As you ascend higher into the park, you'll encounter the bamboo zone, characterized by dense thickets of bamboo interspersed with other vegetation. Here, you may find: Dusky Crimsonwing (Cryptospiza jacksoni): This elusive bird is a true gem of the bamboo zone. The male boasts beautiful plumage with a dusky-brown body, deep red underparts, and a crimson crown. It typically forages on the ground, feasting on seeds and insects. Lagden's Bush-Shrike (Malaconotus lagdeni): Within the bamboo and bamboo-forest transition areas, you may come across this striking bush-shrike. It has a black head, white throat, and bright orange underparts, making it a visually captivating species. Continuing further up, you'll reach the heath zone and eventually the alpine zone, which are home to a few unique bird species: Alpine Chat (Myrmecocichla Oreo bates): This bird is adapted to the harsh conditions of the alpine zone, characterized by rocky slopes and sparse vegetation. The male Alpine Chat has a black body with a white shoulder patch, while the female displays a brown plumage. It is often seen perched on rocks, making short flights to catch insects. Rwenzori Nightjar (Caprimulgus Ruwenzori): This nocturnal species roosts during the day on rocky ledges within the alpine zone. At night, it becomes active, emitting distinctive calls. Its cryptic plumage helps it blend seamlessly with the rocky environment. Birding in Mt. Rwenzori National Park offers an incredible opportunity to explore a range of habitats and encounter unique bird species. Whether you're an avid birder or a casual nature enthusiast, the park's diverse avifauna is sure to leave you awe-inspired.   Birding in Mt. Elgon National Park (The world’s Largest Mountain Caldera) Birding in Mt. Elgon National Park offers an exceptional experience for avid birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. Located on the border between Kenya and Uganda, this stunning mountainous region is home to a diverse range of bird species. With its varied habitats, including montane forests, bamboo zones, moorlands, and grassy slopes, Mt. Elgon provides an ideal environment for a rich avian population. Here are some notable bird species you might encounter while birding in Mt. Elgon National Park: Jackson's Francolin (Francolinus jacksoni): This stunning bird is endemic to the highlands of eastern Africa. You can spot Jackson's Francolin in the grassy slopes and moorlands of Mt. Elgon. Their distinctive calls and reddish-brown plumage make them a sought-after sighting for bird enthusiasts. Black-and-white Casqued Hornbill (Bycanistes subcylindricus): With its striking appearance, the Black-and-white Casqued Hornbill is hard to miss. Its large, casqued-topped bill and contrasting black and white plumage make it a fascinating species to observe. These hornbills can be found in the montane forests of Mt. Elgon, where they feed on fruits and insects. Hartlaub's Turaco (Tauraco hartlaubi): This beautiful Turaco species showcases vibrant colors with its green body, red crest, and yellow facial markings. Hartlaub's Turaco inhabits the forested areas of Mt. Elgon, where it moves through the canopy, feeding on fruits and leaves. Its melodious call adds to the allure of encountering this avian gem. Mustached Green Tinker bird (Pogoniulus leucomystax): The Mustached Green Tinker bird is a small, colorful bird found in the forested regions of Mt. Elgon. Its green plumage, distinct black and yellow face pattern, and melodious call make it a joy to observe. Keep an eye out for this tinker bird as it forages on fruits and insects among the trees. Red-throated Wryneck (Jynx ruficollis): The Red-throated Wryneck is a unique woodpecker species found in Mt. Elgon's woodlands. Its mottled brown plumage provides excellent camouflage against tree bark. By listening for its distinctive trilling calls, you can locate this species as it searches for insects on the trunks and branches. Alpine Chat (Myrmecocichla melanura): For those exploring the higher elevations of Mt. Elgon, the Alpine Chat is a rewarding find. With its dark plumage and bold white wing patches, this bird stands out against the rocky terrain. Look for it perched on rocks or flitting about in search of insects. These are just a few examples of the avian wonders you can encounter while birding in Mt. Elgon National Park. The park is home to over 300 bird species, providing endless opportunities for bird watching enthusiasts. Remember to bring your binoculars, field guides, and a keen sense of observation to make the most of your birding adventure in this stunning mountainous region.